THERMALIZATION IN THE EARLY UNIVERSE

Abstract
We consider the rate of relaxation of an initially non-equilibrium momentum distribution towards thermal equilibrium. Numerical simulation shows that kinetic equilibrium will be reached after a few collisions. Chemical equilibrium will typically be established only much later. We find the equilibrium temperatures for the decay products of unstable particles and for initially cold Universe. In the latter case the highest equilibrium temperature in the Universe is found to be 1.2 × 1012 GeV .

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