Urinary Citrate Excretion in Patients with Urolithiasis and Normal Subjects

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Abstract
Citrate is a normal constituent of urine which combines with calcium to form a soluble salt. Urinary citrate excretion was examined in patients with urolithiasis and normal subjects by a specific enzymatic technique. There was a considerable overlap in the urinary citrate excretion between normal subjects and stone-formers, but the citrate-creatinine ratio, the citrate-calcium ratio and the citrate-magnesium-calcium ratio, which were all highly significantly lower (p < 0.001) in stone-formers than in controls, proved most reliable in discriminating between these groups.