Physiological adaptations to a weight-loss dietary regimen and exercise programs in women

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Abstract
Kraemer, William J., Jeff S. Volek, Kristine L. Clark, Scott E. Gordon, Thomas Incledon, Susan M. Puhl, N. Travis Triplett-McBride, Jeffrey M. McBride, Margot Putukian, and Wayne J. Sebastianelli.Physiological adaptations to a weight-loss dietary regimen and exercise programs in women. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(1): 270–279, 1997.—Thirty-one women (mean age 35.4 ± 8.5 yr) who were overweight were matched and randomly placed into either a control group (Con;n = 6), a diet-only group (D;n = 8), a diet+aerobic endurance exercise training group (DE; n = 9), or a diet+aerobic endurance exercise training+strength training group (DES; n = 8). After 12 wk, the three dietary groups demonstrated a significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in body mass, %body fat, and fat mass. No differences were observed in the magnitude of loss among groups, in fat-free mass, or in resting metabolic rate. The DE and DES groups increased maximal oxygen consumption, and the DES group demonstrated increases in maximal strength. Weight loss resulted in a similar reduction in total serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol among dietary groups. These data indicate that weight loss during moderate caloric restriction is not altered by inclusion of aerobic or aerobic+resistance exercise, but diet in conjunction with training can induce remarkable adaptations in aerobic capacity and muscular strength despite significant reductions in body mass.