Lowering the Prophylactic Platelet Transfusion Threshold: a Prospective Analysis

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Abstract
The 20 × 109/L threshold for prophylactic platelet transfusion may be unnecessarily high. Few prospective studies, however, in which other trigger values were tested have been published. In this study all hospitalized, thrombocytopenic adult hematology-oncology patients in our institution were prospectively evaluated daily for hemorrhage and platelet transfusion during a one year period; no patients were excluded for bleeding or infectious problems. By design, during the initial six-months (baseline period), the prophylactic platelet transfusion trigger was 20 × 109/L; for the second six-months (study period) this threshold was changed to 10 × 109/L. Patients studied during the two periods did not differ significantly in age, gender, diagnosis, blood or marrow transplant status, and duration of neutropenia. Compliance with the thresholds was 95.6% (baseline period) and 93.5% (study period). For patients with platelet counts under 20 × 109/L, the mean use of platelet transfusions per patient per day was significantly lower in the study period (4.47) than in the baseline period (6.48; p < 0.001). Both mean prophylactic (1.54/patient-day) and therapeutic (2.93/patient-day) platelet transfusions were reduced in the study period compared with the baseline period (2.26 and 4.22/patient-day, respectively). Hemorrhage was slightly reduced in the study period compared with the baseline period: major hemorrhage, 15.2% vs. 18.4% (p = 0.014); minor hemorrhage, 63.6% vs. 70.1% (p < 0.001). Thus, hemorrhage was not increased with the lower trigger level. A 10 × 109/L prophylactic platelet transfusion threshold value is safe and effective.