Allelopathic interference in the seedbed of Pinus jeffreyi in the Sierra Nevada, California

Abstract
Wyethiamollis Gray (Asteraceae) dominates extensive areas within the mixed conifer forest of the eastern Sierra Nevada, California. Large (>20 ha) patches form when overgrazing follows canopy fires. No regeneration of conifers is found in these patches even after removal of grazing. Survival of planted pines in Wyethia patches is 50% less than that in non-Wyethia areas and stem height is reduced 33%. Laboratory bioassays using live tissue extracts show an allelopathic effect as measured by radicle elongation: 24% reduction in lettuce seedlings and 67% reduction in Pinusjeffreyi Grev. & Balf. seedlings. While seed predation on pines is 27% higher in non-Wyethia areas, field-germinated pine seeds overwintered in Wyethia litter exhibited a 34% reduction in germination and 33% reduction in root growth.

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