Virus excretion and strain specific antibody responses after oral poliovaccine in previously immunised children

Publisher Website
Google Scholar
Abstract
A nation‐wide campaign with trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine was organized in Finland in February‐March 1985 in order to stop the unexpected outbreak of poliomyelitis. Excretion time of the vaccine viruses and antibody responses due to vaccination were studied in a group of healthy 6‐year‐old children who were classmates to one of the patients during the outbreak and who also had been screened for excretion of the epidemic poliovirus type 3 strain. While faecal excretion of at least one of the three vaccine virus serotypes was documented in all 19 children, only one throat specimen out of 106 studied was positive in the virus isolation test. The mean excretion times for types 1, 2, and 3 were 13, 21, and 21 days, respectively, and five children were still excreting a vaccine virus strain at 5 wk. Faecal excretion of the type 3 vaccine virus was not seen in children who had been excreting the epidemic type 3 strain 4 mo earlier. Excretion of a respective vaccine virus strain was usually well correlated to a booster response in serum neutralising antibodies to types 2 and 3 but not to type 1 poliovirus. A relatively high prevaccination antibody level did not always prevent the take of the corresponding vaccine virus strain. An increase in the level of neutralising serum antibodies towards at least one poliovirus serotype was observed in all but one of the 17 children studied. Antibody responses to the live vaccine strains were similar to those towards the corresponding nonattenuated strains while the absolute antibody titres against the epidemic P3/Finland/23127/84 strain remained relatively low in most sera studied. These results support the view that the 1984 poliomyelitis outbreak in Finland was caused by an antigenically unusual strain of P3. Regular poliovirus vaccines can, however, be used to improve the humoral immunity to these strains as well.