Infrared Absorption and X-Ray Diffraction Study of Butylammonium Complexes of Phyllosilicates

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Abstract
I.R. absorption and X-ray diffraction data on butylammonium complexes of vermiculites show, when compared with the Wyoming montmorillonite complex, that the tetrahedral location of charge determines the keying of the -NH+3 groups into the ditrigonal cavities and that these groups have their C3 axes perpendicular to the layers. The aliphatic chains adopt different conformations depending on the area available per exchange position; they will either: (a) adopt an ’all-trans’ conformation with their axes inclined 55° to the silicate planes, when the area available is small; (b) rotate 120° around the C1-C2 bond to adopt a flat disposition relative to the layers, when the area available is larger than the area covered by the organic ion.