Review of a mock research protocol in functional neuroimaging by Canadian research ethics boards

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Abstract
Objective:To examine how research ethics boards (REBs) review research projects in emerging disciplines such as functional neuroimaging.Design:To compare the criteria applied and the decisions reached by REBs that reviewed the same mock research protocol in functional neuroimaging.Participants:44 Canadian biomedical REBs, mostly working in public university or hospital settings.Main measurements:The mock research protocol “The Neurobiology of Social Behavior” included several ethical issues operating at all three levels: personal, institutional and social. Data consisting of responses to closed questions were analysed quantitatively. Qualitative analysis of open-question responses used mixed classification.Results:Similar criteria were used by most participating REBs. Yet the project was unconditionally approved by 3 REBs, approved conditionally by 10 and rejected by 30.Conclusions:The results point to the difficulty for REBs of reviewing all kinds of research projects, regardless of field, by relying on international and national norms framed in general terms and a possible variation between REBs in the interpretation of their mandate for the protection of research subjects.