Abstract
• Residual and especially recurrent disease was observed in 124 consecutive patients who had operations for cholesteatomas, with the finding of continuing problems in at least 23% of these patients. Surgical therapy based on the goals of extirpation of the "pseudoneoplasm" of cholesteatoma, restoration of health and function, and prevention of recurrence is the ideal. Results of "single-barreled" regimens do not yet meet these goals. A compromise surgical management regimen is offered. Etiologic implications of the retraction pocket phenomenon are explored and a testable hypothesis offered. (Arch Otolaryngol 102:741-743, 1976)

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