Contribution to the Embryology of Coeloides brunneri (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)1

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Abstract
The main features of the embryological development of Coeloides brunneri Viereck are described, illustrated, and related to the time of incubation at 75° F. The blastoderm is complete at 8 hours. The embryonic blastoderm differentiates into a middle and two lateral plates. The middle plate (mesoderm) sinks inward as the lateral plates (ectoderm) advance and fuse ventrally by 11 hours. The only embryonic membrane is the serosa, which develops from cells of the dorsal strip into an enveloping sac by 15 hours. Segmentation commences in the second maxillary segment about the 10th hour and is complete in the head and 13 body segments by 16 hours. The head appears composed of an acron bearing the labrum and antennae, the intercalary (tritocerebral) segment, and three gnathal segments bearing the mandibles, maxillae, and labium, respectively. The midgut is formed by the union of single anterior and posterior ribbons of cells. The stomodaeum arises as an invagination, while the proctodaeum forms from the union of the lateral plates after the inward migration of the posterior midgut rudiment. The germ cells are differentiated before blastoderm formation, sink into body with the posterior midgut rudiment, and are closed over by the lateral plates. The central nervous system differentiates from the ectoderm. The stomodaeal nervous system arises out of the dorsal stomodaeal wall. The internal head skeletal structure, the labial glands, the Malpighian tubules, and the tracheal system arise as ectodermal invaginations. Cells of the mesoderm form the musculature and circulatory systems. The egg hatches after about 33 hours at 75° F.

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