ABC of allergies: Perennial rhinitis

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Abstract
Classification Allergic rhinitis—Perennial allergic rhinitis can be more difficult to diagnose than seasonal allergy, particularly if the patient presents with secondary symptoms of sinusitis and a “permanent cold.” The most common allergen to account for perennial allergic symptoms is the house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus). Other frequent causes are animals: particularly cats, dogs, and horses. Occupational rhinitis may result from allergy to airborne agents in the workplace—for example, laboratory animals and latex. Infective rhinitis—Infective rhinitis may be acute or chronic. Chronic symptoms may be due to specific infections, such as fungi or tuberculosis. Chronic infection may also be the result of a host defence deficiency; this may be systemic (for example, panhypogammaglobulinaemia, IgA deficiency, or AIDS) or a local problem (for example, primary ciliary dyskinesia). Other factors—Other non-allergic, non-infective factors may be involved (see box).

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