Neutral temperature anomaly in the equatorial thermosphere‐A source of vertical winds

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Abstract
Data obtained from the WATS (Wind and Temperature Spectrometer) instrument on DE‐2 (Dynamics Explorer) during high solar activity, show new evidence for the presence of vertical winds of a significant magnitude in the equatorial thermosphere. They reveal a latitudinal structure that can be related to the recently discovered phenomena of the Equatorial Temperature and Wind Anomaly (ETWA). In the local evening hours, the vertical winds usually are downward around the dip equator and collocated with the temperature minimum of ETWA. In general, they are upward at about 24° dip latitude away from the dip equator and are collocated with the ETWA temperature crests. The magnitude of the vertical winds is in the 10–40 m/s range. It is proposed that the temperature and pressure ridges, formed by the excess ion drag on the zonal winds around the two crests and ordered by the relatively lower ion drag at the trough of the well known Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA), drive a new wind system in the meridional plane and that the measured vertical winds form part of this wind system.