Estrogen receptor 2 and progesterone receptor gene polymorphisms and lipid levels in women with different hormonal status

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Abstract
Sex steroid hormones have multiple effects on lipid metabolism. We investigated the association between two common single nucleotide polymorphisms of the estrogen receptor 2 gene (ESR2), 1082G>A and 1730A>G, and PROGINS polymorphism of the progesterone receptor gene (PGR) with lipoprotein levels in a cross-sectional study with 472 women of European descent. The women were classified into three subgroups according to hormonal status, premenopausal women (n=187; mean age=34±9.7 years), postmenopausal women exposed to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) (n=118; 56±6.7 years) and postmenopausal women unexposed to HRT (n=167; 58±9.8 years). The premenopausal and postmenopausal women exposed to HRT, both carriers of G/A genotype, exhibited LDL-C (P=0.027 and 0.001, respectively) and T-chol levels (P=0.035 and 0.001, respectively) lower than carriers of G/G genotype. This association was not observed in postmenopausal women unexposed to HRT. These results suggest that ESR2 1082G>A genotype may influence LDL-C levels in women with abundant estrogen levels, due to either endogenous or exogenous sources.