Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder

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Abstract
Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common problem among school-aged children wherein a student exhibits significant difficulties with attention span, impulse control and activity level. Since children with ADHD often display these symptoms on a chronic basis resulting in impaired behavior control and academic productivity, the classroom environment must be modified to enhance their adjustment. Several contingency management procedures for teacher use are briefly discussed in this paper including token reinforcement programs, contingency contracting, response cost, time-out from positive reinforcement and home-based contingency management programs. When used in conjunction with other treatment modalities (e.g. stimulant medication, parent training in behavior modification), these classroom intervention strategies often lead to significant improvements in on-task behavior, work completion, behavioral control and accuracy on academic assignments.