Lutetium Bis(tetra-tert-butylphthalocyaninato): A Superior Redox Probe To Study the Transfer of Anions and Cations Across the Water|Nitrobenzene Interface by Means of Square-Wave Voltammetry at the Three-Phase Electrode
- 1 January 2005
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Chemical Society (ACS) in The Journal of Physical Chemistry B
- Vol. 109 (3) , 1262-1267
- https://doi.org/10.1021/jp045914c
Abstract
The redox properties of lutetium bis(tetra-tert-butylphthalocyaninato) (LBPC) have been studied in nitrobenzene that is deposited as a microfilm on the surface of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite electrodes. The behavior of the modified electrode, which is immersed in an aqueous electrolyte solution, is typical for the three-phase electrode (Scholz, F.; Komorsky-Lovrić, Š.; Lovrić, M. Electrochem. Comm. 2000, 2, 112−118). LBPC can be both oxidized and reduced in one electron reversible processes. The oxidation and the reduction of LBPC at the graphite|nitrobenzene interface is accompanied by the transfer of anion or cation, respectively, from the aqueous phase into the organic layer. Thus, using LBPC as a redox probe for the three-phase electrode, the transfer of both anions and cations across the water|nitrobenzene interface can be studied in a single experiment. The hydrophobicity of LBPC is so high that it enables inspection of cations and anions with ≤ 43 kJ/mol and ≤ 50 kJ/mol, respectively. The direct transfer of Na+ and Li+ from water to nitrobenzene, mutually saturated, is achieved for the first time at a macroscopic water|nitrobenzene interface.Keywords
This publication has 14 references indexed in Scilit:
- A Comparison of the Solvation Properties of 2-Nitrophenyloctyl Ether, Nitrobenzene, and n-Octanol as Assessed by Ion Transfer ExperimentsThe Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2004
- Square-wave thin-film voltammetry: influence of uncompensated resistance and charge transfer kineticsJournal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2004
- The determination of standard Gibbs energies of transfer of cations across the nitrobenzene|water interface using a three-phase electrodeElectrochemistry Communications, 2003
- Standard partition coefficients of anionic drugs in the n-octanol/water system determined by voltammetry at three-phase electrodesPhysical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2003
- Lipophilicity of Peptide Anions: An Experimental Data Set for Lipophilicity CalculationsThe Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2003
- Standard Gibbs energies of transfer of halogenate and pseudohalogenate ions, halogen substituted acetates, and cycloalkyl carboxylate anions at the water|nitrobenzene interfacePhysical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2003
- Determination of the standard Gibbs energies of transfer of cations across the nitrobenzene|water interface utilizing the reduction of iodine in an immobilized nitrobenzene dropletElectrochemistry Communications, 2002
- Determination of Standard Gibbs Energies of Transfer of Organic Anions across the Water/Nitrobenzene InterfaceLangmuir, 2002
- An electrochemical method for determination of the standard Gibbs energy of anion transfer between water and n-octanolElectrochemistry Communications, 2002
- Electron transfer – ion insertion electrochemistry at an immobilised droplet: probing the three-phase electrode-reaction zone with a Pt disk microelectrodeElectrochemistry Communications, 2002