Oxygen Consumption and Temperature Control of Premature Infants in a Double-Wall Incubator

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Abstract
The effects of a double wall in a forced convection-heated incubator were studied on ten naked, nondistressed, premature infants by measuring their mean skin temperature, esophageal temperature, and oxygen consumption when they were in thermal steady state with, and without, the double wall in place. The incubator air temperature was maintained within the recommended thermoneutral zone during the consecutive paired experiments. Ambient room temperature and relative humidity were constant and the infant's activity (quiet sleep) and postprandial state were the same in both conditions. Together with a significant rise in operative temperature (P < .05) induced by the double wall (accounted for by a 0.9 C mean increase in incubator wall temperature nearest the baby), their mean skin temperature and esophageal temperatures increased (P < .025), while a decrease in oxygen consumption occurred in nine of the ten infants (P < .05). These findings suggest that the double wall reduced radiant and total heat loss from the baby by diminishing the temperature gradient between the skin and incubator surfaces and that metabolic heat production (oxygen consumption) was reduced when the double wall was in place.