Unbiased Confidence Intervals for the Odds Ratio of Two Independent Binomial Samples with Application to Case–Control Data

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Abstract
Summary. The problem of confidence interval construction for the odds ratio of two independent binomial samples is considered. Two methods of eliminating the nuisance parameter from the exact likelihood, conditioning and maximization, are described. A conditionally exact tail method exists by putting together upper and lower bounds. A shorter interval can be obtained by simultaneous consideration of both tails. We present here new methods that extend the tail and simultaneous approaches to the maximized likelihood. The methods are unbiased and applicable to case‐control data, for which the odds ratio is important. The confidence interval procedures are compared unconditionally for small sample sizes in terms of their expected length and coverage probability. A Bayesian confidence interval method and a large‐sample χ2 procedure are included in the comparisons.

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