Forest Planning and Decision Making under Fuzzy Environments: An Overview and Illustration

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Abstract
Forest systems are inherently complex and therefore lend themselves naturally to fuzzy approaches in planning and decision making. In recognition of this, a two-stage approach to forest planning is proposed. This paper describes two modeling approaches or methods representing the two critical stages in planning: (1) generation of alternatives, and (2) evaluation and prioritization of these alternatives. The method for generating alternative solutions adopts a fuzzy approach, which allows for a more robust and flexible generation of alternatives. The second method enables the decision maker to examine the generated alternatives, elicit his or her perceptions and judgments, and use these judgments to synthesize a set of prioritized alternatives. A multiple-use planning problem adopted from the Shawnee National Forest is used to illustrate the methods. For. Sci. 35(2):481-502.

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