Protein kinase C regulation of K+ currents in rat ventricular myocytes and its modification by hormonal status

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Abstract
The effects of protein kinase C (PKC) activation on cardiac K+ currents were studied in rat ventricular myocytes, using whole-cell voltage clamp methods. Control rats were compared to hypothyroid or diabetic rats, in which PKC expression and activity were enhanced. In control myocytes, two calcium-independent outward K+ currents, the transient It and the sustained Iss, were attenuated by 18.9 ± 2.0 and 16.8 ± 3.5%, respectively (mean ±s.e.m.), following addition of a synthetic analogue of diacylglycerol, DiC8 (20 μm). In myocytes from hypothyroid or diabetic rats, It and Iss were not affected by DiC8. The effects of DiC8 were restored in myocytes from thyroidectomized rats by injection of physiological doses of tri-iodothyronine (T3; 10 μg kg−1 for 6–8 days). Incubating cells from diabetic rats with 100 nm insulin for 5–9 h also restored the ability of DiC8 to attenuate It and Iss. The attenuation of K+ currents by DiC8 in control cells was absent in the presence of a peptide known to inhibit the translocation of the isoform PKCɛ (EAVSKPLT, 24 μm, introduced through the recording pipette). A scrambled peptide (LSETKPAV) was without effect. Under hypothyroid conditions the inhibitory peptide restored the effects of DiC8 on It and Iss. These currents were attenuated by 11.9 ± 1.5 and 9.8 ± 1.5%, respectively, which was significantly (P < 0.001) more than without the peptide or with the scrambled peptide. These results show that the PKC-mediated suppression of cardiac K+ currents is normally mediated by PKC ɛ translocation. This effect is absent under hypothyroid and diabetic conditions, presumably due to prior PKC activation and translocation. A PKCɛ translocation inhibitor restores the ability of DiC8 to attenuate K+ currents under hypothyroid conditions. This presumably reflects a (partial) reversal of a chronic translocation and a shift in the balance between PKC and its anchoring proteins.