Surface composition and morphology vs secondary-electron yield of Be–Cu dynodes

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Abstract
Auger electron spectroscopic techniques were used to monitor the surface composition of a beryllium–copper alloy upon heating and oxidation to determine the surface composition necessary for maximum secondary-electron yield. A 500–1000 Å BeO layer on the surface was found to give rise to the maximum secondary-electron yield. Surface morphology was also found to play an important role. A wide range of oxygen pressures was found to produce the same surface condition and this fact was used in regeneration studies of fatigued Be–Cu electron multipliers.

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