Food restriction suppresses muscle growth and augments osteopenia in ovariectomized rats

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Abstract
We examined effects of 4 wk of food restriction on ovariectomy-related changes in muscle, bone, and plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Female Sprague-Dawley rats (7 mo old) were assigned to freely eating groups: sham-operated (Sham), ovariectomized (Ovx-AL), and estrogen (estradiol)-replaced Ovx (Ovx+E2). Ovx rats were also pair fed with Sham (Ovx-PF) or weight matched with Sham by food restriction (Ovx-FR). Ovx-AL and Ovx-PF rats had similar estrogen status and body weight; therefore, the groups were combined (group: Ovx). After treatment, body weight was ∼10% greater in Ovx than in Sham rats ( P < 0.05), and muscle weight-to-body weight ratios were comparable among all groups. Bone mineral contents of whole tibiae in Ovx-FR and Ovx were ∼15% ( P < 0.05) and ∼6% lower than in Sham rats ( P < 0.05), respectively. Plasma IGF-I was ∼30% higher in Ovx than in Sham ( P < 0.05) but was similar between Sham and Ovx-FR. IGF-I was highly correlated with body weight and muscle mass. Within non-estrogen-replaced Ovx rats, IGF-I explained ∼19% of variance in bone mineral content after accounting for variance attributable to body weight. Findings suggest that estrogen acts indirectly on skeletal muscle and bone in rats through regulation of body growth by factors such as IGF-I.