Water‐Tolerant and Reusable Catalysts for Direct Ester Condensation between Equimolar Amounts of Carboxylic Acids and Alcohols
- 29 September 2004
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Wiley in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis
- Vol. 346 (11) , 1275-1279
- https://doi.org/10.1002/adsc.200404149
Abstract
ZrOCl2⋅8 H2O and HfOCl2⋅8 H2O are highly effective, water‐tolerant, and reusable homogeneous catalysts for direct ester condensation between equimolar amounts of carboxylic acids and alcohols. Notably, zirconium(IV) salts such as ZrOCl2⋅8 H2O and Zr(OAc)x(OH)y are potential green catalysts due to their low toxicity, commercial availability at low cost, ease of handling, high catalytic activity, and reusability.Keywords
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