The Role of Honor-Related Values in the Elicitation, Experience, and Communication of Pride, Shame, and Anger: Spain and the Netherlands Compared

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Abstract
The authors investigated how honor-related values affect pride, shame, and anger. Spain and the Netherlands were selected for comparison because honor-related values are relatively more important in Spain, whereas individualistic values are relatively more important in the Netherlands. A total of 327 (169 Spanish, 158 Dutch) persons participated in the research. Participants answered questions about autobiographical experiences of pride, shame, and anger and about vignettes describing events that could give rise to these emotions. The observed differences are consistent with the notion that honor-related values are relatively more important in shaping the experience and expression of pride, shame, and anger in Spain, whereas individualistic values are relatively more important in shaping the experience and expression of these emotions in the Netherlands.