Acid‐Base Changes and Excitation‐Contraction Coupling in Rabbit Myocardium. I. Effects on Isometric Tension Development at Different Contraction Frequencies

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Abstract
The effects of changes in acid‐base parameters on the active force of isolated rabbit papillary muscles were studied at contraction frequencies of 12, 60 and 120/min. When extracellular pH was lowered from 7.4 to 7.0 and 6.7 in a bathing solution buffered with 10 mM histidine, the active force decreased at all contraction frequencies studied. After parallel increases of HCO3concentration (up to 47 mM) and Pco2at a constant extracellular pH of 7.4 the active force of the muscle increased at low and decreased at high contraction frequencies. None of these effects can be attributed to catecholamine release or to altered extracellular concentration of ionized calcium. The inotropic effects produced by bicarbonate were not reproducible by methyl sulfate (47 mM) or propionate (47 mM). It is concluded that: 1. a lowering of the extracellular pH has a negative inotropic effect at all frequencies, 2. HCO3has a positive inotropic effect that is most pronounced at low contraction frequencies and 3. CO2has a negative inotropic effect exceeding that produced by the mere reduction in extracellular pH. The cellular mechanisms involved in the various inotropic effects are discussed.

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