Uréia para vacas em lactação: 1. Consumo, digestibilidade, produção e composição do leite
Open Access
- 1 October 2001
- journal article
- Published by FapUNIFESP (SciELO) in Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia
- Vol. 30 (5) , 1639-1649
- https://doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982001000600034
Abstract
Este trabalho foi conduzido, utilizando 15 vacas lactantes (Holandês x Gir) alimentadas à vontade com rações isoprotéicas, constituídas na base da matéria seca (MS) de 60% de silagem e 40% de concentrado, contendo 0; 0,7; 1,4; e 2,1% de uréia, correspondentes aos teores de 2,08; 4,01; 5,76; e 8,07% de proteína bruta na forma de compostos nitrogenados não-protéicos (NNP), com o objetivo de avaliar os consumos e as digestibilidades aparentes de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE), carboidratos totais (CHO) e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e os consumos de nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT). Também foram avaliadas possíveis alterações na produção e composição do leite. As vacas apresentaram peso vivo médio inicial de 511,8 kg e foram distribuídas ao acaso entre tratamentos. O período experimental teve duração de 90 dias para cada vaca, iniciando-se imediatamente após o parto. A fibra em detergente ácido indigestível (FDAI) foi usada como indicador para a determinação da digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes. Os resultados obtidos foram interpretados estatisticamente por análises de variância e regressão. A adição de quantidades crescentes de NNP à dieta apresentou efeito linear decrescente sobre os consumos de MS, MO, FDN, PB, EE, CHO e NDT. Não foram observados efeitos dos níveis de NNP sobre as digestibilidades aparentes de MS, MO, PB, CHO e FDN. Para o EE, foi observado efeito quadrático, sendo a máxima digestibilidade de 89,12% obtida com teor estimado de 4,73% de NNP na MS. A produção máxima de leite, de 20,10 kg/dia, foi obtida com o teor estimado de 4,79% de NNP, ou 0,7% de uréia na MS total das rações. Observou-se redução linear do teor de gordura com o aumento dos teores de NNP nas rações, enquanto a proteína se comportou de forma quadrática, sendo o teor máximo de 3,4% estimado com 3,88% de NNP. This work was carried out, using 15 dairy cows (Holstein x Gyr) full fed isoproteic diets with 60% silage and 40% concentrate in the dry matter (DM) basis and 0, 0.7, 1.4, and 2.1% urea, correspondent to 2.08, 4.01, 5.76, and 8.07% of crude protein levels in the form of non protein nitrogen compounds (NNP), with the objectives to evaluate the intakes and the apparent digestibilities of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), total carbohydrates (CHO) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and the total digestible nutrients (TDN) intakes. Possible changes on the milk production and composition were also evaluated. Cows averaging initial live weight of 511.8 kg were randomized allotted to the treatments. The experimental period last 90 days for each cow, starting immediately after calving. The indigestible acid detergent fiber (IADF) was used as marker to determine the nutrients apparent digestibility. The results were interpreted by variance and regression analyses. The addition of increasing NNP to the diet showed decreasing linear effect on the intakes of DM, OM, NDF, CP, EE, CHO and TDN. NNP levels did not affect the apparent digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, CHO and NDF. There was quadratic effect for EE, and the maximum digestibility of 89.12% was obtained with the estimated NNP content of 4.73% in DM. The maximum milk production, of 20.10 kg/day, was obtained with the estimated NNP content of 4.79%, or 0.7% urea in dietary total DM. Linear reduction of fat content was observed as the dietary NNP contents increased, while there was a quadratic behavior for protein, with the maximum content of 3.4% estimated with 3.88% NNPKeywords
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