The aetiology of acute viral hepatitis in the western region of Saudi Arabia

Abstract
Of the 1050 sera of acute viral hepatitis patients admitted to the Infectious Diseases Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, over a one-year period, 40·9% were due to hepatitis A, 21·5% to hepatitis B, and 37·6% to non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis. The mean age for hepatitis A patients was 4 ± 2·4 years, with no sex preponderance. The mean ages for hepatitis B and NANB were 26·1 ± 11·9 and 28·8 ± 14·2 years, respectively. A male to female ratio of 2:1 was noticed for both. 10% of HBsAg patients were positive for anti-delta. 32% of NANB cases were excluded on the bases of possessing specific IgM against cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or Treponema pallidum. Only 9% of NANB cases had a history of blood transfusion. In conclusion, nearly all cases of acute jaundice in Saudi children are due to hepatitis A, whereas hepatitis B and NANB generally occur in adults. Other viruses such as CMV, HSV, and EBV are highly prevalent and must be excluded in all cases of NANB hepatitis.