Effects of Low-Oxygen Atmospheres Containing Different Concentrations of Carbon Dioxide on Mortality of the Navel Orangeworm, Amyelois transitella Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

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Abstract
Last-instar (25-day) A. transitella larvae were treated with low-oxygen (≤1%) atmospheres. Thirteen atmospheres (combinations of three O2 concentrations and four CO2 concentrations, plus 100% CO2) were assayed at 27°C and 60% relative humidity. LT95s and 95% confidence intervals were determined. The effects of the atmospheres on the mortality of the insects are discussed. The 02 concentration is more important in reducing the time to kill than the CO2 concentration. The economic implications of these results on an insect control program also are discussed.