Antemortem Detection of Muscle Quality in Six Breeds of Swine

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Abstract
A total of 115 purebred barrows were used to assess the capabilities of selected analyses of muscle biopsy and blood samples to detect muscle quality in six breeds of swine. Seventeen to 20 barrows of the Chester White, Duroc, Hampshire, Poland China, Spotted Swine and Yorkshire breeds were used. The barrows were purchased from privately owned herds, transferred to the University of Illinois farm, and muscle biopsied once during a 2-week period. Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and lactic acid (LA) were measured in the sample of the longissimus muscle. A blood sample was taken from the tail and the serum creatin phosphokinase (CPK) level was measured. The pigs were slaughtered and postmortem metabolism rates were determined by measuring the quantities of G6P, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), phosphocreatine (PC) and LA at 30, 60 and 180 min postmortem in the longissimus muscle. Durocs had the least G6P with no significant difference between the remaining breeds. No significant difference was found between breeds in serum CPK. Durocs and Hampshires had the least LA antemortem, and Poland Chinas and Spotted Swine had the most. High-energy phosphate compounds were least in Poland Chinas throughout the 3-hr period, and greatest in Chester Whites. Antemortem G6P was negatively correlated (P <.01) with ATP at all three times postmortem and (P <.05) with 30- and 60-min postmortem PC. G6P was the only antemortem factor positively correlated with percent transmission of the longissimus. No significant difference (P <.01) was found between breeds in percentage ham and loin, four lean cuts, or weight. Chester Whites, Poland Chinas and Spotted Swine had the thickest backfat. No significant difference in length was found. Spotted Swine, Poland Chinas, Yorkshires and Hampshires received the lowest scores for firmness and marbling. Loin eye area was significantly negatively correlated with scores for color, firmness, and marbling and with percent transmission. Copyright © 1975. American Society of Animal Science . Copyright 1975 by American Society of Animal Science.

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