Purine analogues. I. The status of Hückel molecular orbital calculations as predictors of proton shifts, basic strengths, and reactivity

Abstract
A detailed series of molecular orbital calculations based on the HMO method has been made for the various possible ionic species of purine, pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine, v-triazolo(4,5-d)pyrimidine, and pyrazolo(3,4-b)pyridine. π-Electron densities and localization and delocalization energies for nucleophilic substitution have been derived.The results are compared with the observed proton chemical shifts in the conjugate acids of these molecules, with the relative rates of nucleophilic piperidinodehalogenations in the neutral molecules, and with the ionization constants.It is concluded that it is possible to reconcile the calculations with experimental results for the various positions within a six-membered ring, but that positions in six- and five-membered rings cannot be directly compared. The electron densities seem to be of little value in correlating the observed ionization patterns of purines and their analogues.

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