Electro-optic waveguide TE ↔ TM mode converter with low drive voltage

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Abstract
We have achieved complete electro-optic TE ↔ TM mode conversion in Ti-diffused lithium niobate waveguides with as little as a 2.5-V drive. Because, for birefringent substrates like lithium niobate, TE ↔ TM conversion is wavelength dependent, our method is potentially useful for wavelength multiplexing and demultiplexing. Three independently controlled mode converters, each with a 15-Å filter bandwidth and with center wavelengths separated by 80 Å, have been fabricated on a single substrate.
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