Responses of planted northern red oak to three overstory treatments

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Abstract
Northern red oak (Q. rubra L.) was planted in upland oak forests of the Missouri Ozarks [USA]. Plantings were made in 8 clearcut plots and in 16 plots thinned to 60% stocking. After 3 field growing seasons, the overstory was removed on one-half of the underplanted plots. The 2304 planted trees consisted of 4 classes of planting stock: small 1 + 0, large 1 + 0, 1 + 1, and container-grown. Shoots were clipped on 1/2 of the trees in each class. After 5 field growing seasons, average survival was 84%. Average heights of survivors were as follows: 118 cm for trees planted directly into clearcuts, 97 cm for underplanted-released trees, and 59 cm for underplanted-unreleased trees. Based on net shoot growth of trees after overstory removal, success probabilities were estimated using logistic regression analysis. The most successful trees were clipped 1 +1 stock with initial shoot diameters (2 cm above the root collar) of 10 mm or more that were underplanted and subsequently released. For clipped 1 + 1 stock, success probabilities for a success criterion of 30 cm net height growth per year after overstory removal ranged 0.61-0.77 for 10-16 mm diameter trees; for a success criterion of 40 cm, success probabilities were 0.42-0.63, respectively.
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