Lake Änketjärn, a Non-Acidified Lake in an Acidified Region

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Abstract
Longterm chemical and phytoplankton analyses ewre made in Lake Anketjarn, Sweden, over a 16-yr period (1967-1982) and compared with those of other softwater lakes in the western portion of Sweden that have experienced severe acidification during the period. Lake Anketjarn exhibited less acidification than the other lakes during the first half of the 1970s and then in recent years partially recovered with reduced H+ concentrations. The non-acidified characteristics of Lake Anketjarn were likely related to larger deposits of carbonate-containing till in the drainage basin and more recently to the extensive development of the submersed macrophyte Juncus bulbosus that is adapted to utilize benthic sources of CO2. Concentrations of sulfate and H+ ions have decreased in this lake since about 1977, leading to increases in ratios of acidification-related SO42- over H+ concentrations. In other nearby acidified lakes these ratios have been constant since alkalinity disappeared in the early 1970s; that constancy indicated that acidification effects are readily reversible once sulfate loading is reduced.

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