High Levels of Pyrethroid Resistance in Horn Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) Selected with Cyhalothrin
- 1 October 1992
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in Journal of Economic Entomology
- Vol. 85 (5) , 1587-1593
- https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/85.5.1587
Abstract
Lambdacyhalothrin cattle ear tags controlled horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.), for 14 wks or longer during 1986-1988 in Georgia, USA. In 1989 and 1990, control of s) were seen in 1989. These were 498 for lambdacyhalothrin; 92,000 for fenvalerate; and 54 for permethrin. RRs for cypermethrin as high as 8,800 were estimated in 1990when the RR for fenvalerate was only 1,060. No cross-resistance to diazinon was detected. These high levels of pyrethroid resistance seem to have a large component of metabolic resistance. Synergistic coefficients as high as 3,600 were determined by addition of nonlethal amounts of piperonyl butoxide. Resistance development in a no-pyrethroid-use area indicates movements of ≥3km by sufficient numbers of horn flies can significantly change the RR.Keywords
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