Effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on neurogenic inflammation of gingivmucosal tissue in rat

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Abstract
It has been suggested that the unmyelinated small diameter afferent nociceptive C-fibres are impaired in diabetes mellitus. We have recently demonstrated that these fibres are the prerequisite for neurogenic inflammation induced by mechanical or chemical irritations. These experiments were designed to characterize the neurogenic inflammatory responses of gingivomucosal tissue in the early phase of experimental induced diabetes mellitus in rat. Effect of dental ligature on the gingivomucosal (GM) vascular permeability was studied in control rats and in rats pretreated with streptozotocin at d 7 and 14 following streptozotocin administration. In separate groups of control and streptozotocin diabetic rats studies were also performed to investigate the effect of local capsaicin application on GM vascular permeability on d 14. Vascular permeability was assessed by means of Evans blue extravasation. The ligature placed around the mandibular left first molar caused a significant increase vascular permeability of GM tissue on the ipsilateral side on both d 7 and 14 after the ligation in control rats. In streptozotocin diabetic rats on d 7, there was also a significant elevation of Evans blue extravasation in the tissue tested on the ligature side. However, on d 14 the ligation failed to produce any changes in Evans blue extravasation on the ipsilateral side, i.e. no difference in GM vascular permeability could be recorded between the two sides in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Topical capsaicin administration produced significant Evans blue extravasation in GM tissue of control rats compared to that observed in diabetic rats on d 14 after streptozotocin treatment. Electron microscopic and light microscopic studies demonstrated fibre degeneration of the C neurones and less inflammatory cells in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the gingivomucosal tissue. These findings appear to indicate that the inflammatory responses induced by mechanical (dental ligature) and/or chemical irritants (topical application of capsaicin) in the gingivomucosal tissue are altered in streptozotocin diabetic rats and this alteration is due to the diabetes-induced damage to the unmyelinated C fibres.