Lymphography and computed tomography in staging nonseminomatous testicular cancer: Limited detection of early stage metastatic disease

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Abstract
The efficacy of lymphography and computed tomography (CT) in staging nonseminomatous testicular cancer was analyzed in 41 patients. Retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in 30 patients with early tumor stage revealed 56% sensitivity, 90% specificity, and 80% overall accuracy for lymphography; CT was less accurate (44% sensitivity, 81% specificity, 70% overall accuracy). The presence of advanced disease in 11 patients was depicted equally by lymphography and CT, but CT better demonstrated the anatomic extent of the metastases. CT is valuable for discriminating between advanced and early tumor stages; the similar inaccuracy of lymphography in early disease militates against its routine and complementary use; retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy then remains the only accurate staging modality.