Northern Hemisphere climate régimes during the past 3 Ma: possible tectonic connections

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Abstract
The 100 ka rhythm of orbital eccentricity has dominated large-amplitude climatic variations in the high-latitude North Atlantic during the Brunhes magnetic chron (0-0.735 Ma BP ). Earlier, during the Matuyama chron (0.735-2.47 Ma BP), climatic variations in this region were lower in amplitude and concentrated mainly at the 41 ka rhythm of orbital obliquity. These rhythmic climatic responses to orbital forcing are evident both in stable isotopic (δ 18 O) indicators of ice volume or temperature and in biotic and lithologic indicators of local North Atlantic surface-ocean variability. The synchronous responses of these indicators are consistent with results from atmospheric general circulation models showing that the North American ice sheet directly controls North Atlantic surface-ocean responses via strong cold winds that are generated on the northern ice-sheet flanks and blow out across the ocean, chilling its surface. Before 2.47 Ma BP , smaller-scale quasiperiodic oscillations of the planktonic fauna and flora occurred, but the cause of these variations in the absence of significant ice sheets is unclear.