A model of the normal and null states of pulsars

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Abstract
A solvable three-dimensional polar cap model of pair creation and charged particle acceleration has been derived. There are no free parameters of significance apart from the polar surface magnetic flux density. The parameter C0 determining the acceleration potential difference has been obtained by calculation of elementary nuclear and electromagnetic processes. Solutions of the model exist for both normal and null states of a pulsar, and the instability in the normal state leading to the normal to null transition has been identified. The predicted necessary condition for the transition is entirely consistent with observation.

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