Needles and Hemolysis

Abstract
To the Editor: The article on hemolysis in needle blood flow by Moss and Staunton in the April 23 issue of the Journal needs amplification and correction. They have tried to use laminar-flow theory to predict hemolysis in what we interpret as turbulent flow.The pressure loss in fully developed (applies to long needles as used) laminar or turbulent tube flow is equal to the friction factor (f) times the length-to-diameter ratio (L/D) times the dynamic head (1/2 ρ V2), where ρ is the density and V is the average velocity. For laminar flow f is 64/Re, and for . . .

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