Earthquake Hydrodynamic Forces on Arch Dams

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Abstract
Expressions for hydrodynamic pressures acting on rigid arch dams during earthquakes are presented. The influence of surface waves on the hydrodynamic pressures is studied and it is concluded that surface waves can be ignored for most practical earthquakes. Hydrodynamic forces are evaluated for several reservoir-dam systems due to the Taft earthquake. The numerical results obtained demonstrate that: (1) the assumption of incompressible water significantly underestimates the hydrodynamic forces; and (2) the use of gravity dam analyses to determine the hydrodynamic forces on arch dams may result in large unsafe errors.

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