Propagation of ultrashort pulses through lenses

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Abstract
Ordinary optical components may behave in extraordinary ways when illuminated with ultrashort optical pulses. In the cases of lenses, only the flat lenses such as Fresnel lenses, Fresnel zone plates, and holographic lenses display such anomalies. For them, the pulse may be both elongated temporally and spread spatially unless very high focal number lenses are used.