Abstract
Since linear measurements are unlikely to be directly proportional to mass, it is necessary to raise linear measurements by an exponent when using them as covariates in comparisons of mass, or when using them to control for the effect of size on mass. For Purple Sandpipers wintering in Britain [UK] exponents range from 2.54-2.95 (wing-length) to 0.82-0.85 (bill-length). The values cannot be used for other populations of Purple Sandpiper since the relationships between linear measurements and mass are different.

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