Deposition and derivation of clastic carbonates on a Mesozoic continental margin, Othris, Greece

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Abstract
The Othris Mountains of eastern Greece contain a calcareous continental margin/ocean basin sequence exposed in a stack of Cretaceous thrust sheets. Upper Triassic to Lower Cretaceous shelf, submarine fan and basinal successions overlie shallow marine units of Lower Triassic and Permian age. In off‐shelf sequences the older sediments are separated from the younger by a horizon of alkaline ‘early‐rifting’ basalts. Ophiolites overthrust the marginal sequence. Pre‐rifting sediments are represented by a varied suite of limestones and clastics resting on metamorphic basement and include distinctive, green lithic arenites. In the thrust sheet immediately over the para‐autochthonous shelf sequence, pre‐rifting sediments are separated from the rift basalts by an intermittent horizon of calcareous sandstones and conglomerates reworked from uplifted basement and older sediments. Textural and petrographic immaturity suggests that these are probably deposits derived from fault scarps, produced in an early phase of rifting. Above the basalts in the same sheet is a suite of calciclastic sediment‐gravity‐flow deposits, apparently sedimented on a submarine fan. Progressive downslope modification of calcirudites suggests deposition from evolving, high concentration flows. Massive calcarenite facies (? grain flows) are unusually abundant; a possible reflection of a shallow palaeo‐shelf break since provenance and palaeocurrent evidence proves the clastic carbonates to have been derived from a calcareous shelf. In addition to limestone lithoclasts the calcirudites, but not the massive calcarenites, contain fragments of pre‐rifting lithologies including the distinctive arenites. Since the shelf sequence in Othris is totally nondetrital these clasts imply derivation of coarse sediment from an off‐shelf position; probably the walls of a submarine canyon. This may have occurred either by direct erosion of wall rock, or by reworking of material from an older clastic sequence. In the latter case the inferred fault‐scarp deposits are a likely source.

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