Theoretical Models for Predicting and Improving Compliance with Breast Cancer Screening

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Abstract
Theoretical models for predicting and improving compliance with breast cancer screening are important both for taking stock of the existing literature and for designing new efforts to understand and improve compliance with breast cancer screening recommendations. In the past decade, the majority of research studies on compliance with breast cancer screening based neither their research design nor the interpretation of their findings on an articulated conceptual framework. The limited pool of theory-based research has focused primarily on predicting compliance with breast cancer screening. This article describes the application of the Health Belief Model, Theory of Reasoned Action, Transtheoretical Model, and Prospect Theory to breast cancer screening. Although each model provides insights to factors that are necessary to predict and improve participation in breast cancer screening, no one theoretical model is sufficient. Heuristic frameworks that facilitate integration of constructs from different theoretical models are also presented. Methodological issues to be addressed by the field include development of standardized, well-validated measures to evaluate key theoretical constructs and expanding research into samples of women that represent a broader segment of the population, particularly older women who do not have ready access to the health care system. At the conceptual level, fewer main effect and more studies that examine interactions among constructs from different theoretical models are needed.

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