Photodynamically Inactivated Vaccines Prepared by Growing Viruses in Cells Containing Neutral Red

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Abstract
Summary: Three enteroviruses (echovirus type 7, coxsackieviruses B3 and A9), herpes simplex virus, and vaccinia virus were grown in cells that had been pretreated with neutral red. Even though the harvests were visibly free of dye, the virus progency had become totally sensitive to light. Photodynamically inactivated vaccines yielded immune responses in rabbits superior to those with formalinized vaccines. Neutralizing antibody-combining tests also showed that the photodynamically inactivated vaccines were antigenically more potent, for they bound more antibody than was bound by formalinized preparations.