Excitation–contraction coupling in isolated adult ventricular myocytes from the rat, dog, and rabbit: effects of various inotropic interventions in the presence of ryanodine

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Abstract
Enzymatically isolated ventricular cells from rats, dogs, and rabbits were electrically stimulated and their membrane potentials were recorded simultaneously with their contractions. Specific pharmacological interventions were used to assess the relative roles of transsarcolemmal Ca2+ entry and the Ca2+ release by the sarcoplasmic reticulum in activating contractions, in these myocytes. We used ryanodine and caffeine to influence Ca2+ release by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, BAY K 8644 and epinephrine to increase Ca2+ entry through Ca2+ channels, and veratridine, ouabain, and monensin to increase Ca2+ entry through Na+-Ca+ exchange. Ryanodine (1 .mu.M) completely inhibited the shortenings in rat and dog myocytes, but the contractions in rabbit myocytes were much less sensitive to this alkaloid. Similar inhibitory effects of ryanodine were observed in the presence of various inotropic agents with two exceptions: caffeine''s effect on the dog myocytes was relatively insensitive to ryanodine and the long-lasting tonic contractions that veratridine triggered in the myocytes of all three species completely unaffected by ryanodine. The data indicate that contractile activation in rat and dog ventricular cells is stronly dependent on Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, while contractility in rabbit myocytes seems to be more dependent on Ca2+ entry through the sarcolemma. The ryanodine-resistant tonic contractions triggered in the myocytes of all three species in the presence of veratridine may be activated by an increased Ca2+ entry via Na+-Ca2+ exchange.