Electron microscopic study of DNA complexes with proteins from the Archaebacterium Sulfolobus acidocaldarius

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Abstract
DNA‐protein complexes formed in vitro with isolated DNA‐binding proteins from the thermoacidophilic archaebacterium Sulfolobus acidocaldarius were analyzed by electron microscopy. Two of the proteins (10a and 10b) formed specific structures after incubation with DNA. Protein 10a, at low protein concentrations, showed individual small spots on the DNA and at high concentrations evenly covered doublestranded DNA. Protein 10b showed three different types of regular structures: one with single‐stranded and two with double‐stranded DNA. Using double‐stranded DNA, 10b first bound cooperatively to two strands forming long, plait‐like structures only slightly shorter than respective free DNA. The complex consists of two right‐handed, interwound fibers, with a helical pitch of 26 nm and a diameter of ∼10‐11 nm. At higher protein concentration than needed to package all DNA into the complex with two double‐stranded DNAs, the two DNAs were separated again and a new structure was formed evenly covering only one DNA strand. Both structures showed no significant contraction of the length of the DNA covered in the complex. Nucleoprotein formed with single‐stranded ΦX174 DNA had a diameter of ∼11 nm and could form circles with a contour length of 0.5 μm.