Branchial Anomalies

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Abstract
A graphic color scheme has been used to classify more clearly various normal and abnormal branchial derivatives. First proposed by Patton for branchiomeric nerves, muscles, and arteries, this idea has been further developed. The main branchial structures derived from each arch have been listed under their appropriate germ layer: ectoderm, mesoderm, and entoderm. The posterior surface of the anterior half of a coronal section of a 6-week human embryo has been utilized to show diagrammatic relationships of each arch, cleft, and pouch. Composite drawings of normal branchial derivatives and anomalies illustrate their origins more easily when corresponding colors for each arch are used. The broad range of branchial abnormalities, from aortic vascular rings to zygomatic sinuses, prompts further study of this subject. Minor dysfunction of an organ may be the first evidence of a branchial anomaly.

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