An Estimate of Volcanic Contributions to the Atmosphere and Volcanic Gases and Sublimates As the Source of the Radioisotopes 10Be, 35S, 32P and 22Na

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Abstract
Utilizing new data on the presence of a sulfate aerosol layer in the stratosphere, an analysis is made of the source of excess sulfate in precipitation. Data are presented against the hypothesis of appreciable escape to the atmosphere of H2S produced on the continental shelves. Calculated volcanic contributions to the atmosphere (metric tons/yr) Chlorine-7.6 × 106 Sodium–6.0 × 106 Sulfur-1.7 × 107 Potassium-2.3 × 106 Fluorine-7.3 × 106 Calcium-7.2 × 106 Boron-7.3 × 104 The calculations support Conway's hypothesis of volcanic water(1) and the volcanic chloride origin of the ocean. The points of weakness in the spallation hypothesis of atmospheric radioisotopes are presented. A table with the probable nuclear particle abundance at 16 km altitude is given, Calculations are made of the relative concentrations of boron, chlorine, sulfur and fluorine in the upper atmosphere. The results almost parallel the abundance values in igneous rocks. Data on the probable altitudes where the nuclear reactions occur are presented including a new source for the sodium lines in the upper atmosphere air glow.

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