The residence time of the freshwater component in the Arctic Ocean

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Abstract
The time function of bomb tritium concentrations in river runoff to the Arctic Ocean has been reconstructed from published data on tritium in precipitation 1959–1975. Tritium measurements on oceanic samples through the halocline exhibit strong linear relationships between tritium concentrations (TU values) and salinity. These waters thus look like binary mixtures of Atlantic source water and freshwater runoff. Combining these data, the vintage of the freshwater component in the Arctic Basin has been determined assuming no other major tritium source. The relation indicates the average age of the freshwater component to be 11±1 years in the Nansen Basin and the outflow and somewhat higher in the Canada Basin. According to tritium/salinity data, a surface layer of 10–60 m is affected by sea ice melting and freezing in the Nansen Basin, and the thickness of this layer increases to 150–170 m toward the Canada Basin. There is tritium also in the deeper waters, the unmixed Atlantic water, which points at residence times for that water not to exceed 17 years.The appendix is available with the entire article on microfiche. Order from American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009. Document J81‐012; $1.00, payment must accompany order.