Blood chemistry reference values for use in columbine hepatology

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Abstract
Reference values of nine plasma chemical variables considered to be of potential use for the (differential) diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease in racing pigeons (Columba livia domestica) were determined. Enzymes included creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate amino‐transferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, glutamate dehydrogenase, gamma glutamyl transferase and cholinesterase. Plasma bile acid concentrations were also measured.